History of Beckley and Raleigh County
PAGE 2
Letter to the Editor (1916)
The following letter was written to the Raleigh Herald in 1916 by G. T. McClure.I heard a man say the other day that nothing surprised him these times. I hope that this letter will not surprise you. I will be 90 years old the fourteenth day of January, 1917. I am staying at E. M. Senter's my son-in-law. I am lonesome this morning; there being none of my age living about here. They are all gone. The last one was Capt. James A. Cook. I miss him much. My mind runs back to the old times in 1844. We moved to West Virginia with John McClure and family. We stopped at what was called "Wildwood," a mile from the forks of the road, where Raleigh Court House now stands, where General Beckley lived at that time -- his wife being dead. He and his two boys -- John and Neville -- boarded with us for some time. We built him a saw mill and gristmill in Piney River. Think they are standing there now, about one and one-half miles from his home. At that time there was a mail route from Logan Court House to Pack's Ferry at the mouth of Bluestone. Every two weeks the trip was made. John Canterbury was the carrier. The first house on the road to Pack's Ferry was William Prince, the next Richard McVey, the next Clarkson Prince, then John Pittman, then Henry Hull, then S. A. White with Moses Scott and Samuel Pack near Jumping Branch, on the road that leads to Logan Court House. Edward Prince next, then Lewis stover, John Bailey, Joseph Harper, Daniel Shumate, where George Callaway now lives, next Lucien Davis and George Snuffer at the foot of Guyan Mountain.
These are some of the early settlers of the Marsh Fork of Coal River: James Bryson, Hugh Davis, John Payton on Sand Lick, Rev. Matthew Ellison, Tilden Phipps.
We come back to White Stick: George Bailey, Spaniel Bailey, Henry Smith at the mouth of Piney, then up the ridge we come to Joseph Carper, John Redden, Robert Scott, James Scott.
General Beckley had large land interests in and around his home. He went to work for a new county and never stopped till he was successful. The new county was named Raleigh and the county seat where it now stands.
The first settlers of Beckley were James Cole, Henry Stanger, Jesse Dean, Edward Prince, Henry L. Gillispie, John McCreery, Rev. Matthew Ellison, John McClure, Daniel Shumate.
Earl Epperly and I built the first house in Beckley. It was built with white pine logs for James Cole. It stands there yet, but has been remodeled. It is the house that Judge James H. McGinnis died in, eight or nine years ago.
If there is any one of the persons named in this letter living I would like to hear from them. I am enjoying good health-- eat three meals a day, but have no teeth.
Raleigh County Has History Full of Incidents Both Funny and Serious
This article appeared in 560 News, the monthly
magazine published by WJLS Radio Station in Beckley, in September
1950. 1950 was the centennial year of Raleigh County.
By BOB RUSH
Raleigh is one of the last of West Virginia's counties that has the occasion to celebrate a hundredth birthday. In spite of Raleigh's centennial celebration, at least forty of the state's 55 counties were formed and in being before Raleigh was created in 1850. With Raleigh came Wyoming county in the same year to become one of the state's political subdivisions.
But historically the area that makes up Raleigh county can trace itself back farther than 1850. In 1831, for example, Fayette county was created from Kanawha, Greenbrier, Nicholas and Logan. It had its county seat first located at New Haven (in Mountain Cove district), but in 1837 the county seat was moved to the site of Fayetteville (then called Vandalia) where court was held in the tavern of Abraham Vandall until public buildings could be completed. Too, Montgomery, in Fayette county, began its history much earlier than Raleigh county with the arrival of boats from Cincinnati and other points on the Ohio to unload goods at Montgomery landing, which was then the distributing point for merchants in what is now southern West Virginia.
Our neighboring city of Oak Hill, near which Peter Bowyer operator a water power mill as early as 1820, received its name later from the earliest post office established at Hill Top on the mail route from Fayetteville to Raleigh Court House (now Beckley). On the site of Glen Jean a water power mill was operated as early as 1850 and a post office was established soon after 1854.
But in the interior of West Virginia, south of the Kanawha, development was fairly well retarded. On Madison's map of Virginia of 1807, corrected to 1818, no towns are indicated in any part of the area and only one public road is shown. This was a road from the Kanawha by Loup Creek and Upper Piney to Pack's Ford at the mouth of the Bluestone and beyond into Monroe county.
Nevertheless, by 1850 the area that is now Raleigh had developed enough to warrant the creation of a separate county. Accordingly, on January 23, 1850, the General Assembly of Virginia enacted the legislation forming Raleigh county, separating the districts of Town, Trap Hill, Marsh Fork, Clear Fork, Shady Springs and Richmond from the county of Fayette. At the suggestion of General Alfred Beckley the county was named in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, soldier, sailor, author and adventurer, who had planted the first English colony on American shores.
In March of that year, the county government was first organized by the "gentlemen justices" at a meeting at Beckleyville (Beckley) in the village schoolhouse. James Goodall, Robert Scott, Samuel L. Richmond, Robert Warden, Cyrus Snuffer, Lucien B. Davis, John T. Sarrett, Benjamin Linkous and John Stover made up the first court.
This development of the lands that are now Raleigh was sparked through the activities of the same General Beckley who suggested its name and in whose honor the present county seat is called Beckley. General Beckley in 1836 had married Miss Amelia Neville Craig of Pittsburgh. He then resigned his commission as a first lieutenant in the Army and moved to what was then Fayette county to improve a large tract of unsettled lands for his widowed mother and himself. These lands now make up a part of Raleigh county.
Largely through Beckley's influence, the Virginia Assembly in 1837 and 1839 authorized the construction of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike opening the region along its route from Giles Court House, Red Sulphur, Indian Creek, Flat Top, Beckley, Fayetteville to the Kanawha.
Raleigh county has a land area of 600.89 square miles which was once a part of a great inland plateau which has been modified, in many places beyond recognition, by the action of streams and other natural agencies. New River, which forms the northeast boundary of the county, has cut a winding channel through this plateau to a depth of more than one thousand feet, and numerous tributaries of the Big Coal, the New and the Guyandot rivers have furrowed deeply in all directions. An area of not less than 100,000 acres lying in the interior of the county still bears some resemblance to its original form. But even here the slow flowing streams have left their marks, changing the once smooth and lofty plateau into a rolling upland.
The greatest elevations in the county are to be found along the mountains which border it on the south and west. Ivy Knob, on the southwest rises to 3,693 feet and in several places an elevation of 3,500 feet is reached along the Great Flat Top and White Oak Mountains. Huff's Knob, the site of WJLS-FM, rises to 3,566 feet and is in the Flat Top chain.
The lowest point in the county is where Coal River, on the west, leaves the borders at 900 feet. New River, in the north leaves at 1,150 feet and the Guyandot, to the south, at 1,600 feet.
This former, smooth plateau, which we now know as Raleigh County, came into its industrial own with the development of its coal resources. From the first organized mine at Royal, near Prince, through the early nineteen hundreds, Raleigh County has been one of the foremost coal producing counties in the state. The whole area lies within the coal section of West Virginia, the eastern three-fourths in the New River-Pocahontas area and the western one-fourth in the Allegheny-Kanawha area. The county has nineteen seams of mineable coal, ranging from the Lower Kittanning to Pocahontas No. 2, and the deposits are so distributed that the county has two acres of underlying coal for each surface acre.
The county is the natural home for many species of valuable timber trees. White pine once grew in abundance at an elevation of 2,500 to 3,000 feet on Glade Creek and Piney River. This area, with its extension into Mercer County, once formed one of the three principal bodies of White Pine to be found within West Virginia. Outside of the white-pine belt, hemlock is the only soft wood growing in large quantities. Yellow poplar and the oaks, principally white oak, were the most abundant of the valuable hard woods. Extensive timber and lumber operations were carried on at Blue Jay, Fitzpatrick, Glen Hedrick, Hamlet and Long Bottom, but today have been greatly curtailed with the cutting out of the timber woods.
The high, level sections of Raleigh County, which compose the greater part of it, are good farming and grazing lands. The agricultural products of the county are of no inconsiderable value and have added much to the wealth and opportunity of the people. In 1949 the formation of the Raleigh County Agricultural Commission considerably stimulated this phase of Raleigh County's development.
Like most other portions of West Virginia, Raleigh was settled largely by people of Irish, Scotch-Irish and English extraction, with a slight mingling of men of German blood and a few of the families who had fled from France to escape the horrors of the religious wars in the unhappy and tragic reign of Louis XV. The largest portion of Irish and Scotch-Irish emigrants came to Raleigh County from the northern sections of Ireland shortly before or immediately after the war of the Revolution. Many of the Germans were soldiers who had served under the Crown during the war, or Hessians, as they were known at that time. The English were either the descendants of the original Virginia settlers or British subjects seeking a wider freedom in a new land.
These first immigrants, moving westward into what is now Raleigh County, followed old hunting and Indian trails. Depending upon agriculture, hunting and trapping, many hardy settlers travelled along the river valleys and the rich bottom lands, while others crossed the rugged mountains to the east on foot, horseback and in carts and wagons, breaking their own trails. They carried with them only the bare necessities, a few household items and farm implements.
From 1750, when Doctor Thomas Walker and five companions on June 28th reached the mouth of the Greenbrier and became the first white men crossing what is now West Virginia south of the New River, until the first part of the nineteenth century, the area continued to gain in population. Settlements grew and cabins dotted the landscape. Wheeling, Clarksburg, Wellsburg, Parkersburg, Point Pleasant and Charleston in 1800 were already frontier villages. Yet, while these new settlements were organized as counties and subdivisions of the State of Virginia, there developed from the very early days a clash of economic interests and a divergence of political ideals between the people of the eastern and western sections of the state that culminated in the sixties in the dismemberment of the Old Dominion. Granville Davisson Hall, first Secretary of State for West Virginia says, "As the population increased and spread westward, great inequalities in representation grew up. Around Williamsburg, the seat of government, counties and settlements were subdivided into small precincts, to each of which two members of the House of Delegates were allowed, while no more was allotted to the larger counties farther removed from the executive influence. No more was allowed to all West Augusta. Representation was distributed in double, triple or even quadruple proportions around Williamsburg to the great dissatisfaction of people farther west."
This dissatisfaction evidenced itself formally first at the Winchester convention of 1816 and again at Staunton in 1825. The Staunton convention prompted the first constitutional convention for Virginia, which meeting during 1829-30 drew up a proposed constitution for the state that was so unsatisfactory to those who lived in what is now West Virginia that although it was adopted it was rejected by the westerners by a vote of 8,365 to 1,383.
The question of unequal representation for the western part of the state in Virginia's government continued to be unanswered even following another constitution convention in 1850. While the new constitution for the state did make some concessions to the west, the east continued in the Virginia Senate its representation for three-fifths of its slaves - then numbering near a half million - and thus controlling the Senate could effectually check any reformatory legislation that might be attempted. Little wonder, then, that when the Richmond convention in 1861 offered to turn Virginia over to the Southern Confederacy that the mountaineers revolted.
Their revolution took the form of setting up a new government of Virginia, loyal to the Federal Government. Meeting during 1861 and 1862 at Wheeling, the restored Virginia government passed an ordinance "providing for the creation of a new state out of the territory of this state." A special election ratified their action by a vote of 18,408 to 781, and except for the formalities West Virginia was born. Abraham Lincoln signed the act that on June 20, 1863 recognized West Virginia as one of the United States.
Men from Raleigh county served with both the Federal and Confederate forces during the war between the states, but not a great deal of military activity occurred in the area. General Henry A. Wise of the Confederacy was ordered to the Kanawha Valley to gain and retain control of that entrance into Virginia. General Robert E. Lee planned to hold the territory by posting a force below Charleston. After some difficulty, General Wise was able to recruit about 8,000 men, some 2,000 from the families and farms of Raleigh county.
After driving back the Federal Troops of General J. D. Cox at Scary Creek on July 7, 1861, General Wise, being threatened by another force of Federal troops under the command of General Rosecrans, withdrew toward the waters of the New River.
Later in August, 1861, General John B. Floyd arrived with a brigade of Southern troops in the vicinity of Lewisburg and assumed direction of the Confederate army in that section. During the summer he advanced to the reinforcement of General Wise to oppose the Federal forces.
Several battles and skirmishes occurred with varying results, but in the fall of 1861 the Confederates withdrew and the militia serving under Generals Alfred Beckley and Augustus A. Chapman was disbanded.
At the same time, Federal troops under General Cox occupied Fayetteville and continued south. At Beckley there occurred a sharp skirmish between the Confederates and the advancing Federals. Artillery played a large part in that engagement, with cannon balls thrown into the town. The Confederates were forced to withdraw, but not until they disputed violently the advance of the Union forces through Beckley and across a ford near the junction of Piney River and Beaver Creek.
From that time, nearly a hundred years ago, Raleigh county has continued to progress. With the coming of the railroad into southern West Virginia in 1870, and the formation of Summers county from Mercer in 1871, the territory took on more importance. It was during those days that a movement was started to move the county seat from Beckley to Trap Hill. It might have been done, except that those opposed to the creation of Summers county under the lead of Evan Hinton failed in their attempt to set up Summers county to include Richmond District with a county seat at New Richmond. Had Richmond district become part of Summers county and thus withdraw its support from those who wanted to retain Beckley as the county seat of Raleigh, it is likely that it would have been moved to Trap Hill.
By 1900 the Piney branch of the Chesapeake and Ohio was completed from Prince to Raleigh station and the real growth of the county began. Coal production in West Virginia, which already had come a long way from its first mining and use at Wheeling in 1810, in that year jumped another three million tons. Raleigh county was coming into its own. New mines were opened and during the war years of 1917 and 1918, hundreds, especially small truck mines, were started. McAlpin, a mining town on the Winding Gulf, on the Virginia railway, became headquarters for two large coal companies, and by 1916 had a population of 1,000.
Lester developed largely due to mining and lumber industries. By 1916 it had nine stores, three restaurants, one sawmill, one planing mill, three hotels and three churches, a population of about 1,200. Beckley with a population of 342 in 1900, was incorporated as a city in 1908. By 1916 it had ten stores, four hotels, seven churches and a high school. Today, Beckley with a population of nearly 20,000 has an estimated 450 retail outlets with annual sales approximately $30,000,000.00.
Raleigh county along with the other counties of the state provided her share of men for the first World War. During those years, the county co-operated effectively with the Liberty Loan drives, Red Cross, and other activities such as the famous "law against idleness." This law, first passed by the West Virginia legislature, required every able bodied man in the state to work at least thirty six hours a week. During the life of the law over 800 idlers were arrested.
The story of Raleigh county is much the same during World War II. Again the men and the women of the county responded and fought well. And, again, as in all wars, not all returned after the fighting was over.
The schools and churches of the county have kept pace with the other developments. Highways have been improved, anew and a modern airport is being completed. New businesses continue to come to the county. Barring some unforeseen disaster, Raleigh County while looking back over the past 100 years can proudly and with confidence go forward with faith in the future.
Sunday is 100th Anniversary of Town of Beckley
This article appeared in the Beckley Post-Herald on Feb. 19, 1972.By PETER A. LAQUEUR
For those people who enjoy centennial celebrations, the history of Beckley is a gold mine. Founded in 1838 and chartered by the Virginia Assembly, the city has gone through four different charters since that date.
Sunday marks the 100th anniversary of the act of incorporation of 1872 - the first charter designating officers for the city. By an act of the West Virginia Legislature on Feb. 20, 1872, Beckley was incorporated as a town. The act read as follows:
"Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia: That the place known as "Beckley" in the county of Raleigh be, and the same is hereby made a town corporate and a body politic by the name of 'The Town of Beckley' and shall in all respects be subject to the provisions of chapter 47 of the code, entitled 'of the townships and villages.'"
The next charter was granted in 1894 in order to allow for the office of treasurer, but otherwise made little change in the operation or function of the city. It did also expand the boundaries of the town.
Perhaps the first real charter, that spelled out all the duties and functions of the city officers and explained what the city was and was not allowed to undertake came by an act of the Legislature in 1908.
This was passed in an extra session of the Legislature on Feb. 1, 1908, and was for the purpose of "reducing to one the several acts and certificates incorporating the town of Beckley," and describing the limits of said town."
At this time the town became known as a city. Again this charter expanded the boundaries of the city. This charter made provisions for mayor, recorder, treasurer, police chief, assessor, health officer, street commissioner and five councilmen.
It is of interest to see that the office of police chief was designated since there was no police department at that time. Not until 1924 did Beckley have its first police department.
This charter was followed by the 1927 charter, under which the city today operates. It too was granted by an act of the Legislature on April 26, 1927. This charter again enlarged the boundaries of the city and made changes in the official organization of the city.
This charter combined the offices of recorder and treasurer and lodged much greater power into the hands of the mayor. It relieved the mayor of the duties as police court chief and stated that "a special police judge will be appointed by the mayor as well as firemen by and with the consent of the council."
The bill that created this new charter was organized by a group of citizens. It set salaries of $2,500 for the recorder-treasurer, $1,200 for the police judge, and a minimum of $600 for the mayor. Council members were to be paid $5 for each meeting they attended, not to exceed two meetings per month.
An early history of the city goes back even before 1838, but little is known of the community at that time. It was but a crossroads until the late 1880's.
It was founded by Gen. Alfred Beckley and named after his father John Beckley. It became a meeting place for the visitors to the surrounding areas, such as Prince, Winding Gulf, Beaver, Crow and so forth.
General Beckley always dreamed of the town becoming a major agricultural center and wanted Beckley to become the seat of justice for the new county he had been pushing - that of Raleigh.
Two years before Raleigh County became a county (being formed from Fayette County), General Beckley donated the tract of land where the present courthouse stands with the understanding that this land would belong to the people of Raleigh County as long as Beckley remained the seat of justice.
In 1850, Raleigh County was established and Beckley became the seat of justice and has remained so to the present time. Only once was it challenged. There was a move one time to move the courthouse to Lester. This was defeated by the people in a special election.
General Beckley is the person responsible for the layout of the city. The streets follow closely his map of 1848, known as the "papermap" of Beckley.
Many of the early facts of the city were lost in the great fire of 1912, which nearly burned the entire town. It destroyed over 20 buildings mainly on Neville, Prince, and Heber Streets.
Various sources indicate 1872 when the charter was issued, found Beckley to have for the first time a mayor. It is not known who he was, but he could very well have been John Beckley. Prior to this time, in accordance with the 1838 charter, there were three trustees who were in charge of the operation of the city.
John Beckley, in his autobiography, says that he was mayor of Beckley on and off for many years, but gave no specific dates. One of the earliest records of mayor is 1897 when John W. McCreery held the office.
The year 1872 saw the son of Beckley's founder deeply involved in the political affairs of the county.
He was clerk of the county court as well as clerk of the circuit court. He was also a commissioner of the board of education, being named as supervisor, and also taught school.
This year also marked the first stirring of economic growth for Beckley, which was called Raleigh Courthouse. It saw the forming of a new state constitution and the opening of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad - its completion from the eastern seaboard to the Ohio Valley. The train came within 10 miles of Beckley - at Prince.
There was little official law in Beckley during this time and it was not until 1887 that the city had a police chief - John Williams. He was a one-man force.
During the latter part of the 1880's, until the new charter of 1908, the city and county grew and prospered. In 1891, the first coal mine was opened at Royal and many more followed shortly thereafter.
Business grew so much that a bank was finally established in Beckley in 1899 with the McCreery family as the principal founder. The bank was called the Bank of Raleigh. Prior to this time banking was carried on in Hinton, Winding Gulf and areas around the city, but not in them.
When the first election was held following the 1908 charter, it was considered a pretty heated battle with the battle centered around the races for the offices of recorder and treasurer. Lucian H. Davis was elected recorder and J. Q. Hutchinson elected treasurer.
The mayoral race also was of interest and there are conflicting reports as to who was actually elected mayor. One report shows that Joe L. Smith (the father of Hulett and Joe Jr.) narrowly defeated Robert B. Robertson. The second report indicated that Robertson won, but died before taking office with Davis taking the office of mayor until he resigned in 1911.
One of the first acts of the city fathers was to finance the paving of principal streets - Main and Neville Streets and Third Avenue (where the railroad station was).
The chores of the early city fathers were many - primarily, getting the city out of the mud and out of debt.
A highlight of the early period was a May council meeting in 1924. The chambers, then on South Fayette Street, were packed. The issue was one of great importance - whether cattle were allowed in the city or not.
Several years earlier, an ordinance was passed prohibiting this but the pro-cattle people were so strong it was rescinded. The vote was close. Councilman Joe Smith was absent and the remaining four voted two "for" and two a "against." It took the vote of Mayor High Miller to prohibit cattle in the city. In those days, it was as important as the matters before the council today.
That same year saw Beckley establish its first police and fire department. C. V. Cottle was appointed the first chief and he had two men under his authority. The fire department took over the old Presbyterian Church and to this day remains there.
The years since then have seen the city prosper to a point where it is today - one of the most progressive and innovative communities in the state and the center of Southern West Virginia.
Beckley Charter Much Changed Since Inception
This article appeared in the Beckley Post-Herald on Aug. 21, 1972.Editor's Note: The following article is the text of a speech that Peter Laqueur presented to the Raleigh County Historical Society Aug. 10. Laqueur used for sources information from Harlow Warren, Mrs. Dorothy Amick and the files of Beckley Newspapers Corp.
By PETER A. LAQUEUR
History is a field that has always fascinated me, partly through the influence of my family, which is full of amateur historians and a few professionals. My brother presently is getting his Ph. D. in history at Oxford.
My interest in history has not really been the scholarly pursuit, but more of a hobby. Wherever I have gone, I have made it a point to learn something about the history of the area, its people and its growth.
My interest in the history of Beckley stemmed from two main sources, the main one being Hal Scott, whose friendship and wisdom I have long respected.
Listening to him tell stories of Beckley and Raleigh County in the early part of this century has always fascinated me. He always told me enough to make me go and dig a little deeper.
The second and equally important influence is Dorothy Amick, who actually inspired me to do my first articles on Beckley when I told her of the 100th anniversary of the 1872 Beckley Charter last Feb. 29. It was from this that I got the real bug.
I was immensely happy when I was asked to speak before this group because it offered me that opportunity to dig a little deeper and find more background on the development of this great city - Beckley.
No doubt many of you are familiar with the early history of the city, but I shall review it from the beginning, when Gen. Alfred Beckley came here from Philadelphia in 1836 with his first object being to create a new town. After two years of labor, the Virginia Assembly established the town of Beckley.
There really wasn't much to it. It was a fork in the road and had, at the most, five families in a 20-mile radius. Five trustees were appointed to run the city but they did not have much to do because actually there was no town. Legally the town existed but concretely it did not.
The first duty of these five trustees, Alfred Beckley, Clarkson Prince, William Prince, John Bailey and Richard McVey, was to lay off the area chosen for the town and to designate streets and alleys.
The town was to be no larger than 30 acres and the five trustees had the power to make any laws and rules that they felt were necessary.
When the trustees first met, the area was, as John Beckley, Alfred's son, wrote, "a howling wilderness." Little is known of what all these men did.
Evidence of a layout for the town dates back to 1848, when Beckley filed his "papermap" with the Fayette County Circuit Clerk. Much of what he designed still exists today and no doubt accounts for our traffic problems.
While these men were working on developing the town of Beckley, General Beckley already had grander plans - that of a new county with Beckley as its seat of justice.
The general always dreamed of the town becoming a major agricultural center and the seat of justice.
Two years before Raleigh became a County in 1850 (formed from Fayette County), the general donated a tract of land, where the present courthouse stands, with the understanding that this land would belong to the people of Raleigh County as long as Beckley remained the county seat.
Thus when Raleigh finally became a county in 1850, Beckley became the county seat and remains so to the present. Only once was it challenged - when there was a movement to move the county seat to Lester - but this was defeated by the citizens in a special election.
During this early time little is known of what took place. The Civil War broke the calm atmosphere of the community, which was still in its infancy.
It was not until 1872, when the second charter to the city was granted by the West Virginia Legislature, that Beckley, then known as Raleigh Court House for a short period, began to take the shape of a town.
This charter designated offices for the city and Beckley found itself with a mayor for the first time. Who he was, no one knows but it could have been John Beckley, Alfred's son.
The year of 1872 not only marked the new charter but also saw the first economic stirring in the city.
First there was the new state constitution and secondly, the opening of a railroad, the C&O, which ran from the eastern seaboard to the Ohio Valley and came within 10 miles of Beckley.
During this time, Beckley had grown some, but the area around it grew more rapidly. There was little action in the city and there was also little, if any, official law. There was no police chief until John Williams became the first one in 1887 and even then, he was a one-man force.
We move now briefly to the 1894 charter, which allowed for the position of treasurer but otherwise made no changes.
It was not until the turn of the century that Beckley began to move. Between 1890 and the next charter of 1908, the city and county grew rapidly and prospered.
The first coal mine was opened in the county in 1891 and soon thereafter many more followed. Business grew so much that a bank was finally established in Beckley in 1899, with the McCreery family as the principal founder.
The charter of real importance to us was the 1908 charter granted by the Legislature Feb. 1, 1908. This charter changed the status of Beckley from a town to a city and outlined in detail the various officers the city should have and what the duties of these officers would be.
This charter made provisions for mayor, recorder, treasurer, police chief, assessor, health officer and street commissioner and five councilmen.
All officers except police chief, treasurer, assessor, health officer and street commissioner were to be elected by the citizens.
Once this charter was effective, city elections were held and they were, according to several reports, rather heated. Who actually won is matter of conjecture. One report shows Joe L. Smith to be the winner and another shows Robert B. Robinson winning.
Robinson died before taking office, thus passing the office to the recorder, Lucian Davis, who later resigned in 1911. Most persons agree that Davis was mayor and that Smith took office in 1910 and resigned in 1912 to become a state senator.
The mayor and the council had a big job - that of financing the paving of principal streets such as Main, Neville and Third Avenue. Their prime concern was to get the new city out of the mud and out of debt.
One particular incident during these early years that I enjoy concerns the matter of cows in the city streets.
The time was 1924 and it was a May council meeting. The chambers, then on South Fayette Street, were packed. The issue was whether cattle were or were not to be allowed to roam free in the city.
Several years earlier, an ordinance had been passed prohibiting this but the pro cattle people were so strong that it was rescinded.
The vote was close after long debate. Councilman Joe Smith was absent and the remaining four voted two "for" and two "against". It took the vote of Mayor Hugh Miller to prohibit cattle in the city.
Although there seems to be much information on Beckley during the early period, many of the official documents were lost through the great fire in 1912, which nearly burned down the entire town. It destroyed over 20 buildings, mainly on Neville, Prince and Heber Streets.
In many ways, the fire was a blessing to the city. Gone were the fire traps and dilapidated buildings. The town, in rebuilding, became a city and more modern bigger and better church and business buildings were erected on the ruins of the fire.
Business in Beckley was booming with large land companies coming into the area, new rail lines being laid, coal expanding - and much more. It headed into the late 20's with a shot in the arm and foresight. While the nation was struck by the depression, Beckley was not hit as badly as the rest of the country.
It was in the latter 20's - April 26, 1927 - that the fifth charter was issued to the city of Beckley by the Legislature. This charter is basically the one under which we operate today, although changes have been made.
This charter attempted to streamline the government of the city. It combined the offices of recorder and treasurer and lodged much greater power in the hands of the mayor.
It relieved the mayor of the duties of police court chief and provided for such a person to be appointed by the mayor with consent of the council. It also gave the mayor authority to appoint firemen.
This was the last charter passed by the Legislature; further changes in our charter have been done either by resolutions of council or special elections.
The 1927 change was brought about through an organized citizens group.
It upped the salaries of the official family by providing $2,500 for the recorder-treasurer, $1,200 for the police judge and a minimum of $600 for the mayor. Council members were to be paid $5 for each meeting they attended, not to exceed two meetings per month.
This charter remained in effect until Aug. 3, 1954, when the voters approved certain changes which we shall discuss shortly.
The period of 1927 to the next charter change saw a great deal of progress being made in Beckley. It was now becoming the center of Southern West Virginia and competed only with Bluefield for this title. By 1930, the population of the city had jumped to 9,357 and by 1940 there were 12,852 persons in the city.
Beckley became known as the "Smokeless Coal Capital" as more and more coal operations were opened in Raleigh County, centering operations around Beckley.
Beckley was blessed then, as it is now, with many individuals who had a lot of faith in the city and a lot of foresight. Paved streets were pushed out in every direction, many costly homes were built and large investments in business and industry were made.
As the city grew and prospered, citizens began to look at their government and decided that changes had to be made. In the middle 40's, citizens groups began to look into ways of changing the charger so that government would be smoother and more efficient.
Under the 1927 charter, the recorder-treasurer was an elected position. There were no wards as we know them today; all councilmen were elected at large. There were no primaries, rather, nominees were selected in party conventions.
The big issue in the charter revision was a city manager type of government.
Many individuals felt that the operation of the city had come to a stage where a part-time mayor was not enough - Beckley needed a full- time individual to run and operate the fast growing community.
The commission appointed to study the revisions came up with the following recommendations: that primaries be held for the nomination of municipal offices; that the city be divided into not less than five nor more than nine wards with a councilman from each ward and two at large; extension of terms from two to four years; that a police judge be elected; that the recorder-treasurer be appointed instead of elected, and a permissive clause that would allow a city manager type government to be put into operation.
It was quite a struggle with long council meetings, citizen discussion and a lot of lobbying. When the voters went to the polls, they defeated the change, 1,147 to 834.
This, however, did not deter our far-thinking citizens. The discussions on changes were constantly brought up again and again. In the last term of Mayor W. A. E. Burke, another special committee was appointed to propose changes in the charter.
This was presented in 1951 to the council, which debated and debated the matter, finally deciding to let the Political Science Department of West Virginia University go over the proposed changes and make recommendations to the city.
For two years, the council held onto the proposed changes, doing nothing about it. It took the courage and determination of Councilman Clarence L. Bibb to get the matter before the public eye once again.
This time the major issue seemed to be the primary issue. The Democrat City Executive Committee had endorsed the primary form of nomination but the Republican committee had not. The council therefore refused to bring up the matter. Finally in August of 1953, both parties agreed and the matter was settled.
The first primary was held, nominating Elmer Davis as mayor for the Democrats and George B. Chambers for the Republicans. Nothing was decided, however, on other charter changes. This had to wait until another year.
Toward the end of 1953, the council held public hearings on the proposed charter changes which posed five main, basic changes: a four year term for the mayor and council; a ward system for the city; a permissive city manager clause (once decided, never to be changes unless through an act of the Legislature); appointment of a city recorder-treasurer, and the changing of the election from the first Tuesday in October to the fourth Tuesday in May and the terms of office to begin on July 1 instead of Jan. 1.
The council was ready to adopt these changes providing there were no objections raised at the meeting, but, once the chambers were packed, three individuals, the fire chief, the police chief and one citizen outlined objections, forcing the council to hold an election.
The election was held Aug. 3, 1954, and the citizens adopted the changes, giving us our present form of government. With this new change came a redefinition of powers of the officers of the city but not greatly changed from the 1927 charter.
Today Beckley is still a progressive and forward-moving community. Although the U. S. Census Bureau says we lost population, the city seems to be bursting at its seams. Housing is critical and if traffic is any mark of growth, the Beckley has grown.
The state and federal governments look to Beckley as one of the three growth centers in West Virginia.
Beckley Population
| 1880 | 144 |
| 1890 | 158 |
| 1900 | 342 |
| 1910 | 2151 |
| 1920 | 4149 |
| 1930 | 9357 |
| 1940 | 12,852 |
| 1950 | 19,397 |
| 1960 | 18,642 |
| 1970 | 19,884 |
| 1980 | 20,492 |
| 1990 | 18,296 |
| 2000 | 17,254 |
Raleigh County Population
| 1900 | 12,436 |
| 1910 | 25,633 |
| 1920 | 42,482 |
| 1930 | 68,072 |
| 1940 | 86,687 |
| 1950 | 96,273 |
| 1960 | 77,826 |
| 1970 | 70,080 |
| 1980 | 86,821 |
| 1990 | 76,819 |
| 2000 | 79,220 |
History of the Coal Industry
This article was written by Maj. W. P. Tams, Jr., President of Gulf Smokeless Coal Co., Tams, W. Va.Coal mining for shipment by railway was commenced in Raleigh County opposite Prince on New River at the Royal mine and the coal was carried by overhead buckets across the river to reach the railway since at that time there was no bridge across New River at the mouth of Piney Creek. Afterwards Stonewall and Terry were opened by Major Terry of Lynchburg, and after the railway built up Piney Creek, Wright, Lanark, and Stanaford were opened, and in 1899 the Raleigh Coal and Coke Company began shipments. Previous to the development of Piney Creek there were some shipments at the other end of Raleigh County by McKell, who opened up Oswald, Sydney, and Graham in the late 1890's. In 1906 the New River Company built a railway from Mabscott Junction through Beckley over to Cranberry, and opened Sprague and Skelton drift mines and Cranberry and Prosperity shafts.
The first smokeless mine opened on the Virginian was at Eccles in 1907 and Slab Fork almost at the same time. In 1908 the Virginian Railway commenced building the Winding Gulf Branch from Mullens in Wyoming county up the Gulf and over the divide to the waters of Piney Creek and up Piney Creek to Fireco. The mines opened on this branch in order from the lower end upwards were Tarns, Stotesbury, McAlpin, Woodbay, Big Stick, Hotcoal, Lynwin, Winding Gulf, Affinity, Sullivan, Woodpeck, and Fireco. All of these mines on the Winding Gulf were opened in the Beckley seam, and the mines on upper Piney in the Firecreek seam.
In 1915 the C. & O. and Virginian built a railway line up Stonecoal, opening up the mines on that branch, among them Frances, Tommy Creek, Lego, Princewick, Killarney, East Gulf, Besoco, C. H. Mead, Lillybrook mines, and Pickshin.
The pioneer operators in Raleigh county were the Laings, Major Terry, Luckadoux, the Guggenheims, Caperton, Dixon, E. E. White, Justus Collins, Col. Leckie, Mead, Tolliver, Prince Lilly, and E. C. Minter. Most of the tonnage produced in Raleigh County came from the Beckley seam in the Winding Gulf and Stonecoal, and was shipped in the beginning over the Virginian Railway, which having only an outlet to tidewater was able to return cars promptly to the mines and thus gave operators on the Virginian Railway every-day operation, when their competitors on the C. & O. Railway and the N. & W. Railway were only able to secure cars for three or four days per week. During World War I the Government took over all the railways and furnished sufficient capital to equip the railways with enough cars and locomotive power to furnish everyday run to the mines, which Immediately resulted in supplying too much coal to the market. After World War I the succession of strikes in the organized coal fields, in the anthracite field, on the railways, and in England, resulted in a temporary boom market for coal during the 1920's until the depression in the fall of 1929. During the depression the mines were able to operate, but at reduced prices and under unsatisfactory reduced wage conditions. The coal business picked up in 1933, but was again in difficulties when World War II commenced In Europe, followed by the entry of this country into the War. During this period, and for four or five years after the World War II ended, the coal business was in good condition, but since 1950 the market and price have been unsatisfactory in the extreme. The mines in Raleigh County find their main market now in the metallurgical business, being used to make coke for the steel mills. The cost of coal in Raleigh county is now such that the mines can not compete successfully in the steam market which can secure low cost coal from the high volatile fields where mining conditions are more favorable. The quality of the coal in Raleigh county remains the same, but the markets have become restricted. The Beckley seam has been practically exhausted in Raleigh county with very little tonnage now mined from this seam. The Sewell seam is almost exhausted, and the future of the coal business in Raleigh county lies in the Pocahontas No. 4, and the Pocahontas No. 3 seams. These seams are now being operated, and it is probable that within ten years they will be the only seams operating in the county. Mechanization of (he coal mines has become a necessity due to competition, and this, of course, has reduced the number of men required in the mines. Shrinking of the markets for coal has made a further reduction in the number of men employed and Raleigh county should now look to additional sources of employment of labor for the future.
Some Beckley Weather Extremes
| late 19th century | -20° (newspaper quote of meteorologist) |
| Dec. 30, 1917 | -20° |
| May 9, 1923 | 9 to 10 inches of snow |
| July 20, 1926 | 103°, highest temperature ever in Beckley, recorded by D. G. Williams |
| Apr. 27, 1928 | 20 inches of snow |
| Aug. 1, 1931 | 94° |
| 1931 | "the hottest summer ever in Beckley"--Bob Wills |
| Sept. 1, 1932 | 96° |
| Sept. 2, 1932 | 97° |
| Sept. 1933 | 97° |
| Aug. 21, 1936 | 95° |
| Jan. 22, 1936 | -10° |
| Jan. 23, 1936 | -19° |
| Jun. 30, 1936 | 100°, recorded by Mauck, "highest in 6 years"--Beckley Post Herald |
| July 10, 1936 | 96° |
| Jan. 19, 1940 | -12° |
| Mar. 3, 1942 | 20 inches of snow in 2 to 3 hrs |
| Dec. 11-16, 1944 | 28 inches of snow |
| Jan. 24-25, 1961 | -14, 13 inches of snow |
| Oct. 20, 1961 | 8 inches of snow, much damage because trees were full of leaves |
| Dec. 28, 1967 | 13.7 inches of snow |
| Jan. 3, 1968 | 19.3 inches of snow |
| Feb. 4, 1970 | -10° |
| Jan. 27, 1972 | -15° |
| Dec. 2-3, 1975 | 15 inches of snow |
| Jan. 17, 1977 | -18° |
| Jan. 20, 1982 | -20° |
| Feb. 10-11, 1983 | 14.4 inches of snow in 24 hours |
| 1984 | the lowest temperature this year was -13° |
| Jan. 19, 1984 | -5° |
| Jan. 21, 1985 | -22° at 2 a.m. |
| Mar. 12-13, 1993 | nearly 19 inches of snow from 3:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m., record for 24 hours |
| Jan. 19, 1994 | -19° |
| Jan. 27, 1998 | 38 inches of snow in the Beckley area |
| Sept. 14, 1998 | 91° |
| Jan. 24, 2005 | -3° |
According to a recent wire service article, the March 12-14, 1993, blizzard dumped 28 inches of snow in Beckley in a 24-hour period. The article also stated that the record was broken on January 28, 1998, when 31 inches of snow fell in a 24-hour period.
Thomas Walker Led Exploration Party in 1750
This article appeared in the Beckley Post-Herald on Aug. 26, 1950. Other sources dispute the claim that Walker was the first white man to arrive in what is now Raleigh County. Thanks to Charlet A. Schaule for providing this article.The first white man to set foot in what is now Raleigh County was Dr. Thomas Walker, leader of an exploration party which "discovered" the section in 1750.
Dr. Walker, a surgeon and surveyor, was employed by the Loyal Land Company to survey the region which now includes parts of Western Virginia and Kentucky. The Loyal company had received a grant from the British Crown for 800,000 acres north of the dividing line between North Carolina and Virginia.
In the spring, 1750, Dr. Walker and five companions set out from his home near Charlottesville, Va., on an expedition to locate eligible parcels of land to be surveyed by his firm. He went through Southwest Virginia into upper Tennessee, then into Kentucky, discovering an naming the Cumberland Gap and Cumberland River.
He kept a journal of his trip, which has been preserved and published.
He followed the Cumberland, then left the river and took a northeasterly course through Eastern Kentucky, crossing Tug River into West Virginia at Naugatuck, crossed the Guyan at the mouth of Island Creek where the city of Logan now stands, and after crossing the head forks of Little Coal River, reached Marsh Fork of Big Coal River at the mouth of Hazy, the present site of Edwight.
He followed Marsh Fork to the neighborhood of Eccles, passed through the present site of Beckley, crossed Piney River back and south of Pinecrest Sanitarium, crossed Glade Creek back and east of Crow, and then went over White Oak Mountain on the present Summers County line and down Madam's Creek to Hinton.
Dr. Walker, who entered Kentucky 13 years before famed Daniel Boone made his memorable journey, was a well-educated Virginian for his day.
He was a planter as well as a doctor and surveyor and was born in Gloucester, Va., in 1715. He was schooled at William and Mary College and then became a physician at Fredericksburg.
He served in Braddock's Army under the command of General Washington as commissary general and was commissioned on behalf of the state of Virginia to deal with the Six Nations Indians at Fort Stanwix, N. Y. in 1768.
He was also named commissioner to deal with the Indians at Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh) in 1777.
Toward the close of his life, he acquired a large estate by a favorable marriage.
His son, John Walker, served with distinction on General Washington's staff during the Revolution. Dr. Walker died in 1794. For a few months in 1790, he served as a United States Senator.
City's Oldest Native Daughter Recalls Early Days in Beckley
This article appeared in the Beckley Post-Herald on Aug. 26, 1950.
Thanks to Charlet A. Schaule for providing the article.
Beckley's oldest native daughter sat on the cool broad porch of her spacious 55-year-old home one hot afternoon last June and vividly recalled the olden days when the city was just a sleepy little town of a few inhabitants.
She was Mrs. Betty Beckley Campbell, granddaughter of the father of Beckley and Raleigh County: General Alfred Beckley.
Approaching 82 but still keen of mind, Mrs. Campbell recalled incidents in the life of the city as she had observed them for the past 55 years from her West Neville Street home.
Mrs. Campbell, who was born in Beckley in 1868, said "I've only lived in two houses in Beckley. I was born where the post office is now, but moved just after my marriage, to this house, which we built 55 years ago."
Her father, John Beckley, purchased the home she was born in from Capt. Stephen Adams, local attorney who led a Raleigh County company during the Civil War.
"I still have a wardrobe and bed that my father bought from Capt. Adams when he got the house, and they're really fine pieces of furniture," she remarked. "Father got both pieces for only $40, which is an amazingly low price compared to what they would cost today."
Mrs. Campbell said the home she and her husband built was located just above the site of two old springs.
"One was a sulphur spring and the other a fresh one, and at one time this was called the 'watering place' of Beckley because everyone used to bring horses to water at the fresh spring."
Mrs. Campbell recalled that when she was a young lady there were no houses below Rose Funeral Home on that side of the street and none below the Beckley Theater on the other side.
Judge Henry Gillaspie, she recalled, lived where the funeral home is today, and Joe Hanna had a cabinet shop where the theater is.
Judge Gillaspie was a slave holder during the Civil War and is credited with influencing many Raleigh Countians to join the Southern cause.
"There were few hotels and no restaurants in Beckley when I was a girl and for some reason the country people didn't like to sleep or eat at the hotels," she recounted. "I remember when my father was court clerk he used to bring four or five people home with him every day.
"He never told my mother whether he would have guests, but she was a good cook and always had enough just in case."
Recalling the pioneer days of the county, Mrs. Campbell pointed out that before the railroads came and the coal mines were opened the county was rather poor.
"The land wasn't too good and most people had a hard time making a living," she said, adding, however, that the railroads changed all that.
"Of course the new railroad was very exciting, but I believe the most excitement I ever saw here was when the first car came to Beckley," Mrs. Campbell recalled. "Two of my children came running into the house and said: 'Mama! Mama! We just saw a buggy without any horses.'"
She said a man at Blue Jay owned the vehicle, which was soon followed by those of Dr. E. L. Ellison and George Blair.
Asked whether she remembered much about her grandfather, General Beckley, she said that she knew him quite well.
"He was a rather small thin man who was good-natured but of a serious turn of mind. In his later years he read the Bible quite a bit and was somewhat of a Bible scholar and even did some preaching.
"He was a Methodist and used to travel to various churches to preach, always riding his horse, a practice which he followed until about two years before his death at the age of 88."
The General was very tolerant in religious matters, she said, especially toward Catholics.
"During the Civil War," the General's granddaughter said, "My grandfather was a Union prisoner for some time at Camp Chase, Ohio. Once, when he was sick, a Catholic family took care of him and they were so nice to him that he always thought kindly of Catholics after that."
Sophia McGinnis Found
This article appeared in the Raleigh County Gulf Times, Volume 7, No. 50.By PAULINE HAGA
The mystery has been solved for the town of Sophia.
The lady from whom the name of the town is derived has been missing for some time. She has been the subject of search for several years by historians.
In fact, she became of special interest during the nations bicentennial year in 1976 when Sophia wanted to pay special tribute by marking her grave.
Many oldtimers for years declared she was at rest in an unmarked grave in a cemetery between the two tunnels in Sophia. Others say she may be buried in an old cemetery above the old Stewart Brown property near Soak Creek.
Sophia Mayor Mary Martin said, "I was told years ago that she is buried somewhere out near Flat Top."
A search of some cemeteries did not turn up anything for historians.
Then The Gulf Times "reopened the case" and great-granddaughter Mrs. Ina Meadows of Egeria learned of the search.
She informed the Gulf Times that Sophia Gravley McGinnis was her great-grandmother, and that Sophia took sick and died while visiting her daughter, Betty, at Flat Top.
She was born in 1812 and lived to be 104 years old. She died in March of 1916. Mrs. McGinnis was a native of Virginia and was a widow in 1866 when she married for the second time, a well known Raleigh Countian, Pyrrhus McGinnis. He owned 2,000 acres of land at one time along Soak Creek, according to family records.
The late Stewart Brown, who lived well into his 90s, always laid claim to having the town named after the widow Sophia McGinnis. She supposedly lived in a log cabin between the two tunnels on McAlpin Mountain.
Brown always said "when the town wanted to be incorporated, they wanted a name." Thus the town was incorporated in 1912 and became Sophia.
And its pioneer citizen, Sophia Gravley McGinnis, who must have felt proud that a town was named in her honor, is at rest in a beautiful, neat and tranquil cemetery called the Brammer Cemetery on the Egeria Road near Flat Top.
To "our mother," Sophia Gravely, August 15, 1812, to March 1916, it says "death is eternal, why should we weep."
Bradley Man Recounts Story Behind Quaint W. Va. Town
This article appeared in the Register-Herald on May 26, 2003.By JOHN BLANKENSHIP
Picture caption: Bradley resident George Barbera, standing in front of the new Bradley post office, recalls how his father, Joseph, gave the community of Bradley its name in the mid-1940s. Today, Bradley remains a viable community, home to several businesses and residences.
Omar Nelson Bradley is best known for being America's five-star general who during World War II commanded the U.S. 12th Army in Europe.
But he also provided the name for a quaint West Virginia town in Raleigh County.
George Barbera recalled how his father, Joseph, gave the community of Bradley its name in the mid-1940s.
"After World War II, my mother and I went to see Congressman Dr. E.H. Hedrick," the 85-year-old Bradley resident said. "We told him we needed a post office where we lived. 'Yes, you do,' the congressman told us, but he said we had to have a name for it. 'What do you want to call it? Barberaville?' the congressman asked. 'No,' my mother said. 'We don't want to do that.'
"Congressman Hedrick said he had a friend named Omar Bradley, who was general of the Army in the European theater," Barbera continued. "He said Gen. Bradley would be glad to lend his name to your community."
The famous general even came to southern West Virginia and dedicated the community in 1946.
However, the manner of how the community came about is another story that has its beginnings across the Atlantic Ocean in Sicily.
"My grandfather, Caesar Barbera, was an immigrant who came to the coalfields to work in 1900," the Bradley resident said. "When he landed on Ellis Island, he was asked if he wanted a job. He said, 'yes.' He hopped a train and came to Thurmond. He had to walk to Glen Jean where the coal company gave him a job loading coal."
One of the first things the company had to do was build a railroad to the mine at Tamroy, located at the head of Dunloup Creek in Raleigh County.
"My grandfather got a job on the railroad and became a section boss," Barbera said. "They paid him $2 a day, while the workers got only $1 a day. He lived in box cars and eventually saved enough money to go back to Sicily."
Once back in Europe, Barbera's grandfather bought a farm with his savings. Although Caesar never returned to America, he sent his children, including Barbera's father, Joseph, to the United States to find work.
"My father also came to Tamroy and got a job in the mines," Barbera recalled. "One brother would send for another if they could find a job. They were all good workers. Two of my uncles, Nunzio and Pasquale, were twins. One got killed the mines at Kilsyth in Fayette County and is buried in Mount Hope."
It was at that time Barbera's mother came into the picture.
"My father met his future wife at Kilsyth," Barbera recounted. "She was only 14 when they married. My parents had six boys and four girls. I was the oldest child in the family. My mother wanted girls, but she kept having boys."
Joseph worked at Tamroy until 1929.
"Dad wanted out of the mines and went into the bakery business in Mount Hope," Barbera said. "Italian bread would be the way to go. All during the Depression and through World War II, he baked bread."
In 1942, Joseph bought what was known as the Bailey Farm, a large tract of land where Bradley sits today.
"There weren't many people in the area at that time," Barbera explained. "During the war years, people were encouraged to farm. My mother got a petition and presented it to the War Manpower Commission and asked the Beckley Water Co. to extend service from Prosperity to the Bailey Farm."
It was at this point that Barbera and his mother approached Congressman Hedrick about the post office, and Bradley was born.
By the time the community was dedicated, Joseph had closed the bakery and sold the farm to T.E. Duncan, who also bought Joseph's building and put the new post office in it.
"Although the town has a new post office now, the old building is still there," Barbera said.
Today, Bradley remains a viable community, home to several businesses and residences.
Barbera doesn't mind telling the story of how Bradley got its name. In fact, its his mission:
"I want everyone to know the history so it will not be forgotten."
Some Railroad Dates
The following article was contributed by David K. Shumate of Roanoke, Va.The last regularly scheduled passenger trains to and from Beckley ran in December 1949. These were C&O Trains #'s 155-158, more commonly called "Old Fanny". The morning train ran from Quinnimont through Prince, up the Piney River to Beckley Junction (behind the old Beckley Hospital, down where Southland used to be) and into Beckley. After a short time, it would back down to the junction, proceed through Mabscott and Cabell Heights to Surveyor and Lester. At Lester it would turn, return to Beckley Jct, then back up to Beckley and pull out for Raleigh, Prince and Quinnimont. The afternoon train omitted the jog to Lester after the early 1920's. Until 1938 one run passed through Beckley and went to Cranberry and return.
In addition, until 1934, the Virginian Railway ran a daily passenger train from Princeton to Mullens, Pemberton, Raleigh "Y" and Beckley. The return trip ran Beckley to Pemberton, then to Fireco and back to Pemberton, then on through Sophia and Amigo to Mullens. On September 8, 1933, the eastbound trip suffered a collision at Amigo which resulted in the death of the engineer. After discontinuance of the Pemberton to Beckley leg in 1934, this train continued to operate from Mullens to Fireco until 1940. It also served the Wyco and Winding Gulf branches. Until 1937 it connected with a mixed train from Princewick to Amigo. In earlier years, as many as three round trips per day ran the Mullens to Fireco line. Service wilted with the coming of paved roads and the vigorous competition of the Consolidated Bus Lines.
The last regularly scheduled passenger train through Raleigh County ran on the Virginian Railway between Roanoke and Charleston. This train, #'s 3-4, entered Raleigh County near Hotchkiss, ran through Slab Fork, Lester, Surveyor, Eccles, Harper, Cirtsville and into Fayette County near Pax. Through train service began on the Virginian in 1909. It was discontinued incrementally as follows:
1) Ran Roanoke to Charleston until January 25, 1952.
2) Ran Roanoke to Deepwater Bridge, West Virginia until June 20, 1952.
3) Ran Roanoke to Page, West Virginia until December 31, 1954.
4) Ran from the West Virginia state line near Oney's Gap in Mercer County to Page in Fayette County, West Virginia until July 11, 1955.
Prior to the completion of the Deepwater Bridge over the Kanawha River, cars from this train ran via C. & O. trains #33-34 from Deepwater to Huntington, West Virginia and/or Ashland, Kentucky. Beginning on March 16, 1931 this train was rerouted via Deepwater Bridge and the Ohio Central Division of the New York Central to Charleston. This train carried a "club car" with parlor seating, meal facilities and an observation platform until the early 1930's. Train #3 wrecked at Lester, killing the fireman, on December 13, 1935. A companion train, #5-6 ran from Princeton to Deepwater, and for a short time to Charleston, from the early 1920's until its discontinuance about 1932.
Some of these trains carried Railway Post Office cars which provided for the sorting and handling of mail. The postmarks used for the C&O trains were "Quinnimont & Lester R.P.O.", for the Virginian on the Winding Gulf was "Fireco & Mullens R.P.O." and on the mainline of the Virginian was "Roanoke & Charleston R.P.O." All of these trains were powered by steam locomotives until their last runs.
Raleigh County Post Offices
| Abney | 1907-Date |
| Abraham | 1909-1962 |
| Affinity | 1912-1962 |
| Allentown | 1920-Date |
| Ameagle | 1915-DPO |
| Amigo | 1904-Date |
| Arnett | 1903-Date |
| Artie | 1903-1991 |
| Atkinsville | 1935-Date |
| Beaver | 1839/Date |
| Beckley | 1916-1964 |
| Besoco | 1964-1976 |
| Besoco Rur. Sta. | 1916-1964 |
| Birchton | 1930-1958 |
| Blockston | 1881-1891 |
| Blue Jay | 1906-Date |
| Bob | 1902-1905 |
| Bolt | 1902-Date |
| Bone Lick | 1933-1934 |
| Bradley | 1948-Date |
| Brechenridge | 1877-1885 |
| Brooklyn | 1930-1966 |
| Bryson | 1902-1926 |
| Cherry Creek | 1943-1953 |
| Cinco | 1919-DPO |
| Cirtsville | 1886-1932 |
| Citie | 1904-1916 |
| Clear Creek | 1867/Date |
| Coal City | 1930-Date |
| Coal River Marshes | 1835/1892 |
| Coalgate | 1891-1895 |
| Colcord | 1908-2002 |
| Cole | 1892-1898 |
| Cool Ridge | 1925-Date |
| Covey | 1902-1906 |
| Crab Orchard | 1911-Date |
| Cranberry | 1906-1997 |
| Crimson | 1916-1917 |
| Crow | 1889-1963 |
| Dameron | 1899/1935 |
| Daniels | 1881/Date |
| Darlow | 1910-DPO |
| Delbert | 1916-1918 |
| Dillon | 1913-1919 |
| Dorothy | 1907-Date |
| Dry Creek | 1884-Date |
| Dugout | 1901-1910 |
| East Beckley | 1925-1956 |
| East Gulf | 1915-1984 |
| Eccles | 1907-Date |
| Edwight | 1920-1959 |
| Egeria | 1878/1962 |
| Embury | 1905-1908 |
| Emerson | 1912-1915 |
| Epperly | 1916-1963 |
| Esau | 1916-1918 |
| Eunice | 1929-1966 |
| Fairdale | 1939-Date |
| Fireco | 1916-1959 |
| Fitzpatrick | 1905-1934 |
| Ghent | 1903-Date |
| Glen Daniel | 1921-Date |
| Glen Hedrick | 1926-1935 |
| Glen Morgan | 1910-Date |
| Glen White | 1909-Date |
| Glomera | 1884-1903 |
| Grandview | 1887/1954 |
| Gulf | 1909-1912 |
| Hampton | 1891-189? |
| Harper | 1903-Date |
| Harpers Valley | 1851-1852 |
| Harvey | 1890-1902 |
| Hazy | 1924-1955 |
| Hecla | 1899-1913 |
| Helen | 1919-Date |
| Honaker | 1904-1908 |
| Hotchkiss | 1904-1959 |
| Hotcoal | 1909-1939 |
| Jap | 1906-1911 |
| Jarrolds Valley | 1856/1928 |
| Jonben | 1921/Date |
| Josephine | 1946-Date |
| Juriter | 1884-1884 |
| Killarney | 1917-1966 |
| Klemeta | 1924-1928 |
| Lanark | 1901-Date |
| Launa | 1884/1912 |
| Lawson | 1886-1915 |
| Leevale | 1921-1953 |
| Lego | 1917-1959 |
| Lester | 1885-Date |
| Long Bottom | 1926-1936 |
| Lumberman | 1922-1926 |
| Mabscott | 1904-Date |
| MacArthur | 1942-Date |
| Madeline | 1927-1933 |
| Malco | 1933-1936 |
| Manatus | 1918-1920 |
| Marfork | 1915/1960 |
| Marshes | 1892-1921 |
| Masseysville | 1906-1917 |
| Matville | 1867/1913 |
| Maynor | 1910-1954 |
| McAlpin | 1909-1908 |
| McCreery | 1905-1944 |
| Mead | 1930-1988 |
| Metalton | 1917-1936 |
| Midway | 1946-Date |
| Millers Camp Branch | 1871-1903 |
| Montcoal | 1917-1997 |
| Mountainview | 1901-1967 |
| Munition | 1918-1942 |
| Naoma | 1926-Date |
| Ned | 1905-1911 |
| Nesco | 1902-1926 |
| New | 1891-1950 |
| Noble | 1902-1908 |
| Norvell | 1935-1945 |
| Odd | 1886-Date |
| Oley | 1889-1906 |
| Oswald | 1927-1953 |
| Otis | 1908-1910 |
| Oxley | 1915-1926 |
| Packsville | 1919-1965 |
| Packsville Rur. Sta. | 1965-1979 |
| Peachtree | 1890-1907 |
| Pear | 1899-1941 |
| Pemberton | 1886-1993 |
| Penman | 1937-1943 |
| Pettus | 1927-1967 |
| Pettus Rur. Sta. | 1967-1978 |
| Phipps | 1882-1884 |
| Pickshin | 1917-1929 |
| Pineknob | 1916-1965 |
| Piney View | 1940-Date |
| Pluto | 1901-1963 |
| Posey | 1903-1957 |
| Price Hill | 1907/1955 |
| Princewick | 1935/Date |
| Prosperity | 1878-Date |
| Pumpkintown | 1890-1891 |
| Raleigh | 1893-1896 |
| Raleigh C.H. 1 | 1851-1893 |
| Redbird | 1890-1924 |
| Rhodell | 1917-Date |
| Richman Falls | 1856/Date |
| Riley | 1905-1932 |
| Rock Creek | 1948-Date |
| Round Glades | 1858/1880 |
| Rowan | 1903-1906 |
| Roxie | 1881-1901 |
| Royal | 1915/1937 |
| Saxon | 1898-Date |
| Semoco | 1937-1939 |
| Shady Spring 1 | 1849/1925 |
| Shady Spring 2 | 1925-Date |
| Shell | 1881-1882 |
| Sink | 1882-1894 |
| Skelton | 1906-Date |
| Slab Fork | 1908-Date |
| Soak | 1901-1901 |
| Soak Creek | 1875-189? |
| Sophia | 1909-Date |
| Sprague | 1908-DPO |
| Stanaford | 1902-Date |
| Stickney | 1921-1990 |
| Stonewall | 1901-1925 |
| Stotesbury | 1910-1963 |
| Stotesbury Rur. Sta. | 1963-1972 |
| Stover | 1909-1933 |
| Sullivan | 1908-1977 |
| Sundial | 1941-Date |
| Sunflower | 1875-1898 |
| Surveyor | 1905-Date |
| Sutphin | 1904-1911 |
| Sweeneyburg | 1906-1913 |
| Sylvia | 1906/1926 |
| Tam | 1909-1910 |
| Tamroy | 1914-1941 |
| Tams | 1912-1988 |
| Terry | 1905-1924 |
| Ury | 1923-1964 |
| Ury Rural Sta. | 1964-1969 |
| Vanwood | 1917-1930 |
| Viacova | 1917-1922 |
| Vista | 1884-1903 |
| Voorheis | 1901-1904 |
| Warden | 1899-1923 |
| Whitby | 1919-1988 |
| White Oak | 1946-Date |
| Wickham | 1927-Date |
| Winding Gulf | 1909-1981 |
| Wittenberg | 1906-1907 |
| Wittenburg | 1906-1906 |
| Wright | 1924/1925 |
| Zada | 1903-1921 |